Choline chloride
Choline chloride is an organic compound with the chemical formula C5H14ClNO. It is a white hygroscopic crystal, odorless, and has a fishy odor. Melting point 305 ℃. A 10% aqueous solution with pH 5-6 is unstable in alkaline solution. This product is easily soluble in water and ethanol, but not in ether, petroleum ether, benzene, and carbon disulfide. Low toxicity, LD50 (rat, oral) 3400 mg/kg. Used for the treatment of fatty liver and cirrhosis. Also used as a feed additive for poultry and livestock, it can stimulate the ovaries to produce more eggs, litter, and gain weight in poultry, fish, and other animals.
Usage: pharmaceuticals, chemicals, feed products, agricultural products, food additives
As a feed additive, choline chloride has the following physiological effects: it can prevent fat accumulation and tissue degeneration in the liver and kidneys; Can promote the recombination of amino acids; It can improve the utilization rate of amino acids, especially the essential amino acid methionine, in the body. In Japan, 98% of choline chloride is used as a feed additive for animals such as chickens, pigs, beef cattle, and fish and shrimp. Most of them are processed into powder, and the preparation method for 50% powder is to pre add an appropriate particle size excipient in a mixer, and then drop add a choline chloride aqueous solution, which is mixed and dried. Some product powders are also combined with vitamins, minerals, drugs, etc. Choline chloride is a vitamin B drug used for diseases such as hepatitis, liver degradation, early cirrhosis, and pernicious anemia.
Choline is an important component of lecithin, which plays an important role in maintaining the normal structure and function of cell membranes, as well as lipid metabolism, and can prevent liver fat deposition.
Choline is also an important component in the synthesis of the neurotransmitter acetylcholine, and it also acts as a methyl donor in the synthesis of methionine.
Choline chloride is used for growth promotion and choline deficiency.
The feed contains a certain amount of choline, which can also be synthesized by the liver in the body, so it generally does not cause choline deficiency. However, potato pants poultry, especially chicks, have a high demand for choline and have low synthesis. If the feed is not added enough or fed with low choline content feed (such as corn) for a long time, it is easy to cause deficiency.
When domestic poultry suffer from liver diseases and have insufficient levels of vitamin B2 and folic acid in their feed, it can also cause choline deficiency. When choline deficiency occurs, pigs exhibit slower growth, joint stiffness and dyskinesia, liver fat deposition, and decreased reproductive performance. Poultry exhibits slow growth, short and thick tibia, which is prone to tendon detachment, fatty liver disease, and decreased egg production.
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